Sources:
1 Schroders, “A short history of responsible investing”, published November 28, 2016. Retrieved from https://www.schroders.com/en/insights/global-investor-study/a-short-history-of-responsible-investing-300-0001/
2 MSCI, “ESG 101: What is ESG.” Retrieved from https://www.msci.com/what-is-esg
3 Morningstar Manager Research, Global Sustainable Fund Flows report, 2Q20. Retrieved from https://www.morningstar.com/lp/global-esg-flows
4 CFA Institute’s interview with Jeroen Bos, Head of Global Equity Research, ING Investment Management, “How to Integrate ESG Considerations into Investments”. Retrieved from https://blogs.cfainstitute.org/investor/2014/01/20/how-to-integrate-esg-considerations-in-investments/
5 MSCI, “ESG Ratings”. Retrieved from https://www.msci.com/esg-ratings
6 Number of constituent equities and bonds in MSCI ACWI ESG Leaders Index and MSCI USD Investment Grade ESG Leaders Corporate Bonds Index, respectively, as of June 2020. Retrieved from https://www.msci.com/msci-esg-leaders-indexes
7 Morningstar Direct, Morningstar Research. Data as of June 2020. Number of open-end funds and exchange-traded funds globally that use ESG criteria as a key part of their security-selection process and/or indicate that they pursue a sustainability related theme and/or seek a measurable positive impact alongside financial return.
8 Cambridge Associates, Private Equity and Venture Capital Impact Investing – Index and Benchmark Statistics. Data as of March 31, 2020. Includes private equity (growth and subordinated capital) and venture capital funds that intend to generate social impact and target risk-adjusted market-rate returns. Retrieved from https://www.cambridgeassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/PEVC-Impact-Investing-Benchmark-Statistics-2020-Q1.pdf
9 Cambridge Associates, Real Assets Impact Investing – Index and Benchmark Statistics. Data as of March 31, 2020. Includes timber, real estate, and infrastructure funds that intend to generate social impact and target risk-adjusted market-rate returns. Retrieved from https://www.cambridgeassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Real-Assets-Impact-Investing-Benchmark-Statistics-2020-Q1.pdf
10 Edmans, A. (2011). Does the stock market fully value intangibles? Employee satisfaction and equity prices. Journal of Financial Economics, 621-640. Retrieved from http://faculty.london.edu/aedmans/Rowe.pdf
11 In investment management, alpha refers to an investment’s excess return relative to a benchmark index. The study used the Carhart four-factor model to measure alpha (market, value, size, momentum).
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